Use these targets, vocabulary, rubrics, examples, and score sheet with the instructor's approved lesson and procedure. This is an assessment companion, not a complete lesson or safety authorization.
Student lessons, data, and worked answers: Unit 05 learning pathway.
The student demonstrates the following:
Five science criteria plus separately reported integration (Page 3).
Measure a temperature change; compute the heat of reaction.
The student explains exo- vs endothermic by sign (Page 4).
Temperatures, calculation, and ΔH kept distinct.
You are making a decision, not adding up points. For each criterion, decide whether the work is Developing, Proficient, or Mastery — the column language tells you which. A criterion counts as mastered only when the student can both take the measurement and defend the sign and the number. Each student has three tokens per term; each token retries one rubric criterion. Approved accommodations, equipment failures, and approved absences are handled separately and do not consume these tokens.
Accept listed synonyms; use the distinction column to resolve near-matches.
| Canonical answer | Accepted synonyms | Common confusion / discriminator |
|---|---|---|
| Energy & sign | ||
| Enthalpy (ΔH) | heat of reaction | Negative = exothermic (releases), positive = endothermic (absorbs) |
| Exothermic | heat-releasing | ΔH < 0; surroundings warm up |
| Endothermic | heat-absorbing | ΔH > 0; surroundings cool down |
| System vs surroundings | reaction vs everything else | Heat lost by the system is gained by the surroundings — opposite signs |
| Measuring & combining | ||
| Calorimetry | q = mcΔT | Measures heat by temperature change; watch the units |
| Specific heat (c) | heat capacity per gram | Property of the substance; water's is notably high |
| Hess's law | enthalpy additivity | Flip a reaction → flip ΔH sign; scale a reaction → scale ΔH |
| Bond energy | bond enthalpy | ΔH ≈ bonds broken − bonds formed |
| Criterion | Developing | Proficient | Mastery |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enthalpy, entropy & Gibbs energy | Confuses heat, entropy, favorability or reaction speed. | Assigns enthalpy signs but needs help with entropy, units or actual conditions. | Interprets energy diagrams and bond-energy signs; calculates entropy and Gibbs changes at stated conditions, distinguishes standard from actual states, and separates favorability from rate. |
| Calorimetry calculations | Cannot set up q = mcΔT. | Uses the equation but mishandles units or the system–surroundings sign. | Calculates heat transfer correctly and assigns it to the reaction with the right sign. |
| Hess's law | Adds reactions without adjusting their enthalpies. | Manipulates equations but forgets to flip or scale ΔH. | Combines, reverses, and scales reactions and enthalpies consistently; adds compatible free-energy steps with correct coupling stoichiometry and limits. |
| Bond energy estimates | Ignores bonds when reasoning about energy. | Sums bond energies but mixes up bonds broken vs. formed. | Estimates ΔH from bond energies, correctly subtracting bonds formed from bonds broken. |
| Lab technique (calorimetry) | Loses heat to the surroundings and ignores it. | Runs the calorimeter but records temperature carelessly. | Measures ΔT precisely, accounts for heat loss, and computes a defensible ΔH. |
| Integration (cross-domain) | Makes no supported connection between the source and the science. | Uses the source but needs help connecting evidence, writing, or limitations to the science. | Independently connects History, Reading, and Writing using a cited source, appropriate evidence, a limitation, and a scientific explanation. |
The split between Proficient and Mastery is the sign is physical: a warming cup means the reaction released heat (ΔH < 0). Ask “did the thermometer go up or down, and does your sign match?”
Read these before you grade. They show what Mastery and Developing actually sound like, plus the edge cases where you should coach rather than decide on the spot.
Evidence record for Page 5: Level: ______ Case/dataset: ______ Criterion: ______ Work/source/date: ______ Assumptions/units/uncertainty: ______ Transfer/variant: ______ (Attach independent calculations; practical observation is separate.)
Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________ Guide: _________________________
| # | Criterion | Decision | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Enthalpy, entropy & Gibbs energy | Dev / Prof / Mast | |
| 2 | Calorimetry calculations | Dev / Prof / Mast | |
| 3 | Hess's law | Dev / Prof / Mast | |
| 4 | Bond energy estimates | Dev / Prof / Mast | |
| 5 | Lab technique (calorimetry) | Dev / Prof / Mast | |
| 6 | Integration (cross-domain) | Dev / Prof / Mast |
☐ No ☐ Yes — for criterion: __________
Tokens left this term after this session (choose one): ☐ 3 ☐ 2 ☐ 1 ☐ None left
Dev = Developing · Prof = Proficient · Mast = Mastery · Unsure between two levels? Circle the lower one and note what a re-do would need.